British agents eagerly tracked the prince's whereabouts, and pursued rumours that the neutral island of Tobago had been deeded to French general Maurice de Saxe. Particularly “stupid” from their perspective was Louis XV's consent to exile his popular ally and guest, the Jacobite Prince Charles Edward Stuart. Parisian wits mocked it with a new phrase: bête comme la paix. The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ended the War of the Austrian Succession in 1748, 1 but conflated European and colonial issues, and neglected new realities in Northern and Eastern Europe. By 1752, his initiatives had apparently won success overseas and brought much of Europe into alignment with British aims, but his achievement was illusory: its collapse triggered the Diplomatic Revolution of 1756, and ultimately the Seven Years' War. During and after the peace negotiations, he sought to contain French ambitions. During wartime, Newcastle sought continuously to focus his Austrian, Dutch and Sardinian allies against France. His antigallican streak mirrored the British public's, following George II's victory against the French at Dettingen (1743), British colonists' conquest of Louisbourg, and Hanoverian triumph over the last major Jacobite Rebellion (both 1745-46). Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1 st Duke of Newcastle emerged from Walpole's shadow as Britain's leading foreign policy voice by the mid-1740s, as British and French forces came increasingly into contact. By 1763, the Treaty of Paris formalized the largest territorial transfer of the early modern era-mostly at French expense-while that of Hubertusburg marked the start of Britain's era of “splendid isolation”.įrom 1713 to 1744, the Anglo-French rivalry lay dormant, yet Robert Walpole's fall and the War of the Austrian Succession combined to reawaken it. Ministers sold the public on “winning America in Germany,” but Anglo-Spanish and Anglo-Prussian relations suffered as Britain triumphed in the Atlantic World. With allies limited to Prussia, Hanover and a few smaller German states, British policy also shifted from extensive alliance diplomacy to limiting their own commitments. By 1756, a dramatic reversal of alliances caused contemporaries to proclaim a diplomatic revolution. British diplomatic activity made France appear weaker around the globe and isolated in Europe by 1752, but crucial missteps soon undermined both the peace and Britain's international standing. The two powers confronted each other during the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-48), but British leaders extended the contest into peacetime. Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.Both before and during the Seven Years' War (1756-63), British foreign policy primarily reflected a strategic rivalry with France.Britannica Beyond We’ve created a new place where questions are at the center of learning.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians. #SEVEN YEARS WAR HOW TO#COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions.Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives.
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